Zephyr: Conclusions and Limitations, Acknowledgements and References

Table of Links

• Abstract and Introduction
• Related Work
• Method
• Experimental Details
• Results and Ablations
• Conclusions and Limitations , Acknowledgements and References
• Appendix

6 CONCLUSIONS AND LIMITATIONS

We consider the problem of alignment distillation from an LLM onto a smaller pretrained model. The method avoids the use of sampling-based approaches like rejection sampling or PPO, and distills conversational capabilities with direct preference optimization (DPO) from a dataset of AI feedback. The resulting model ZEPHYR-7B, based on MISTRAL-7B, sets a new state=of-the-art for 7B parameter chat models, and even outperforms LLAMA2-CHAT-70B on MT-Bench. We hope this approach motivates further exploration of the capacity of smaller, open-models by demonstrating their ability to align to the intent of user interactions.

There are several limitations associated with our study. The main one is the use of GPT-4 as an evaluator for the AlpacaEval and MT-Bench benchmarks, which is known to be biased towards models distilled from it, or those that produce verbose, but potentially incorrect responses. Another limitation is examining whether our method scales to much larger models like LLAMA2-70B, where the performance gains are potentially larger.

7 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We thank Philipp Schmid for many helpful discussions on aligning LLMs, Olivier Dehaene and Nicolas Patry for their assistance with model deployments, Yacine Jernite for his valuable advice on preparing responsible model releases, and Pedro Cuenca for providing feedback on the report. We are grateful to Eric Mitchell, Rafael Rafailov, and Archit Sharma for sharing their insights on DPO. Teven Le Scao for helping with initial experiments. The Mistral, UltraChat, UltraFeedback, Alpaca, and LMSys projects for their support and for releasing great open models. This work would not have been possible without the Hugging Face Training Cluster, and we thank Guillaume Salou and Guillaume Legendre for their help with making the GPUs go brrrr.

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